(UroToday.com) The treatment landscape for first-line therapy among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has changed dramatically over the past 2 years. In 2018, the publication of the CheckMate214 data demonstrated a survival benefit for patients treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab compared with sunitinib in intermediate and poor-risk mRCC, ushering in the immunotherapy era for mRCC. The subsequent publication of the JAVELIN Renal 101, KEYNOTE-426, and CheckMate-9ER studies demonstrated the superiority of avelumab and axitinib, pembrolizumab, and axitinib, and nivolumab and cabozantinib compared to sunitinib in this disease space. However, few patients respond completely and most will progress within the year.