(UroToday.com) The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2021 annual meeting’s non-prostate cancer session included a presentation by Dr. Rustem Gafanov discussing results of subsequent therapy in KEYNOTE-426 for patients treated with pembrolizumab + axitinib or sunitinib for advanced RCC. First-line combination treatment of an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with a VEGFR inhibitor is considered standard of care for advanced clear cell RCC. In the phase III KEYNOTE-426 study, pembrolizumab + axitinib showed significant improvement in overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) vs sunitinib in patients with RCC.1 OS results could be impacted by subsequent treatment following study discontinuation and outcomes from second-line treatment could also be affected by the initial immunotherapy used. At the ESMO 2021 congress, Dr. Gafanov and colleagues presented results of subsequent treatment in patients enrolled in KEYNOTE-426.