Current and emerging first-line systemic therapies in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
The treatment of metastatic clear-cell renal cell cancer (mccRCC) has seen substantial progress over the last decade. Until 2006, non-specific immunotherapy with high dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) was considered as standard therapy of mccRCC. The transition from cytokine to targeted therapy, and now to novel immunotherapeutic agents, significantly increased the overall survival (OS) of patients […]