Narrative review of developing new biomarkers for decision making in advanced testis cancer.
Management of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) patients is based on clinical determinants, mainly CT scan and serum tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, beta subunit of HCG and LDH). Treatment decisions are usually straightforward for patients with clear evidence of metastatic disease, confirmed either by imaging tests or by unequivocal elevated tumor markers.