Early Photodynamic Diagnosis Cystoscopy after BCG Induction for High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Significantly Increased the Detection of BCG Refractory Tumors – Beyond the Abstract
Early cystoscopy after Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) induction is essential and plays an important role in ensuring to recognize BCG refractory tumors. Although Photodynamic diagnosis cystoscopy (PDD-C) is proven to be more sensitive than white light cystoscopy (WL-C) particularly for CIS,1 there is currently no recommendation to use PDD for surveillance. WL-C is the gold standard […]