Classification and Standardized Reporting of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) consensus statements.

To reach a consensus in the classification and standardized reporting for the different types of PCNLs. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology was used to reach a consensus. Thirty-two statements were formulated reviewing the literature on guidelines and consensus on PCNLs, and included procedure specific details, outcome measurements and a classification for PCNLs.

Oxidation of Sperm DNA and Male Infertility.

One important reason for male infertility is oxidative stress and its destructive effects on sperm structures and functions. The particular composition of the sperm membrane, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the easy access of sperm DNA to oxidative damage due to sperm cell specific cytologic and metabolic features (no cytoplasm left and cells unable […]

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