(UroToday.com) The 2020 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) virtual education program featured a session on the evolution of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment, including a presentation by renowned oncologist Dr. Bernard Escudier discussing the evolution from targeted therapy to immune checkpoint inhibition. The rationale for antiangiogenic therapy in RCC is that RCC is a tremendously vascular tumor consisting largely of capillaries and blood sinuses surrounded by malignant cells. Because of this nature, the tumor may extend into the renal vein and even into the inferior vena cava and right atrium of the heart. Additionally, RCC continually expresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), making it an actionable target, however, vessels will regrow if the VEGF inhibition is stopped.