(UroToday.com) Many immunotherapy strategies have been pursued in mCRPC to date, with the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T representing the only approved therapy in this space. Recently, updated overall survival data from the CA184-043 trial of ipilimumab following radiotherapy to bone metastases in patients who had progressed on docetaxel suggested improved overall survival relative to placebo1 (plot shown below). Many novel strategies to boost immune responses and induce disease regression are being pursued, including bi-specific T-cell engagers, CAR-T cells, and antibody-drug conjugates.