Outcomes and complications of Hyperthermic IntraVesical Chemotherapy using mitomycin C or epirubicin for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment failure.

Chemohyperthermia is a feasible option in BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) failure patients who desire bladder preservation. We aimed to assess outcomes and complications of chemohyperthermia using mitomycin C (MMC) or epirubicin (EPI).