Preoperative predictive factors of carcinoma in situ in the normal-appearing mucosa in patients who underwent an initial transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer under white light cystoscopy.

Although few studies evaluated the significance of random biopsies under white light cystoscopy (WLC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the findings are controversial.

This aim of this study was to evaluate what kind of preoperative covariates were useful as predictive factors in detecting carcinoma in situ (CIS) from normal-appearing mucosa using random bladder biopsies under WLC.