Expression of T-cell Exhaustion Molecules and Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Predictive Biomarkers for response to Nivolumab in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

We sought to validate levels of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating cells (TIC) expressing PD-1 but not TIM-3 and LAG-3 (IF biomarker) (Pignon et al, 2019) and to investigate human endogenous retroviruses (hERVs) as predictors of response to anti-PD-1 in a randomized trial of nivolumab (nivo) versus everolimus (evero) in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) (CheckMate-025).