Refining assessment of response to radiation-based therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Is post-treatment tumor bed biopsy always necessary?

Radiation-based therapy (RT) has emerged as a suitable alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. Routine biopsy after RT to rule out residual disease remains inconsistent across guidelines.