The overall recurrence rate for patients with kidney stones is high, classically estimated at 30-50% at 10 years. However, the rate of recurrence for individuals varies. A patient at higher risk of recurrence may benefit more from preventative dietary and pharmacologic interventions. Conversely, a patient at a lower risk of recurrence might be unnecessarily subjected to preventative interventions or surveillance with their associated side effects. Accurately estimating an individual’s risk of stone recurrence, therefore, affects their clinical care.