To determine the optimal cystoscopic interval for intermediate-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (IR-NMIBC).
A retrospective analysis of IR-NMIBC patients (2010-2017) was performed and 3 hypothetical models of surveillance intensity applied: Model 1: high (3-months), Model 2: moderate (6-months) and Model 3: low-intensity (12-months) over a 2-year period and we compared timing of actual detection of recurrence and progression to proposed cystoscopy timing between each model.