Recent trials investigated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the neoadjuvant setting for cisplatin-ineligible patients. A recent single-arm trial of atezolizumab (two cycles) in cisplatin-ineligible patients showed a pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 31%. Another study (PURE-01) of pembrolizumab (3 cycles) achieved a pT0 rate of 37%. Robust biomarkers that predict pCR are needed.