Use of surgical checklist during transurethral resection increases detrusor muscle collection rate and improves recurrence-free survival in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

To elucidate the therapeutic benefits of using a surgical checklist during transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

A nine-item surgical checklist was established in January 2016 to assess disease risk and resection adequacy, and it was prospectively implemented into clinical practice.