(UroToday.com) The standard of care for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (RC+PLND). However, many patients will experience disease recurrence, progression, and bladder cancer-related death following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and RC+PLND. This has led to interest in both adjuvant therapy and improved neoadjuvant therapies.