(UroToday.com) While vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy was the standard of care for more than a decade, there have been transformational changes in first-line therapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the past three years. Foremost among these is the move from monotherapy to combination approaches. While CheckMate 214 first brought combination therapy with dual checkpoint inhibition (nivolumab and ipilimumab) to the forefront, subsequent studies have examined combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in the first-line setting. However, the use of combination therapy in the first-line setting has further emphasized the need to identify novel therapeutic targets and further lines of therapy. In the Kidney and Bladder Poster session at the 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, Dr. Giuseppe Procopio presented data examining the role of cabozantinib in patients who had previously received immunotherapy.