(UroToday.com) Surgical excision is the standard of care for patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, rates of recurrence and progression are not inconsequential and have formed the basis of interest in adjuvant therapy. However, numerous adjuvant VEGF-R targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy has not been widely adopted as a result of an overall evidentiary base that does not demonstrate a benefit in this disease space, in spite of proven efficacy in metastatic RCC.