(UroToday.com) Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) in muscle-invasive bladder at the time of cystectomy for a proportion of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Patients with a pCR have improved overall survival relative to patients with no pCR. A challenge in the treatment of patients with MIBC is identifying patients that may be able to forgo radical cystectomy with upfront transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and avoid the morbidity of surgery.