Early PDD Cystoscopy after BCG Induction for High-risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Significantly Increased the Detection of BCG-refractory Tumors.

To compare the detection rate of BCG refractory tumors between white light cystoscopy (WL-C) and Photodynamic Diagnosis cystoscopy (PDD-C).

We performed a monocentric retrospective study that included all consecutive patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) diagnosed from January 2017 to January 2021.