(UroToday.com) The 2022 EAU Section of Oncological Urology (ESOU) Annual Meeting included a session on the multidisciplinary management of high-risk node positive penile cancer and a presentation by Dr. Jad Chahoud discussing the evolving treatment landscape and clinical trial overview of penile squamous cell carcinoma. Dr. Chahoud notes that penile cancer is a rare disease, thus making it challenging to enroll and complete interventional trials. High-risk HPV infection is likely responsible for approximately 50% of cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma, making it a potential therapeutic target, with a different biology and immune landscape between HPV positive and negative cases. The majority of patients will present with localized or locally advanced disease, with heterogeneous survival rates for those with lymph node positive disease. Five-year disease-specific survival rates for pN0, pN1, pN2, and pN3 patients is estimated at 96%, 80%, 66%, and 37%, respectively.