Although Upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is relatively rare in Western countries, it accounts for about 20-30% of all urothelial cancers in Taiwan.1,2 This unusually high incidence of UTUC led the Taiwan Urological Association to establish the Taiwan Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer Collaboration Group with the aim of performing a retrospective nationwide survey of all patients with UTUC in Taiwan. In this study, we evaluated the oncological outcomes of 629 patients with UTUC who underwent hand-assisted or pure laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy(LNU) at 9 hospitals in Taiwan.