(UroToday.com) The American Urological Association (AUA)’s Drug Development in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) From Scientific, Regulatory, Clinician, and Patient Perspectives virtual meeting featured a keynote lecture presentation by Dr. Adam Palmer discussing the science of combination therapy. Dr. Palmer notes that one of the limitations of monotherapy is tumor heterogeneity. Specifically, inter-patient heterogeneity suggests that monotherapy works for some patients and does not for others, whereas intra-tumor heterogeneity suggests that monotherapy kills some cancer cells but not all cancer cells.