The treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or chemotherapy. For intermediate and high-risk disease, intravesical BCG is the standard and is effective at reducing disease recurrence. However, even after receiving intravesical BCG, up to 50% of patients experience disease recurrence. Furthermore, BCG has been in short supply for several years, prompting demand for alternative therapies during times of shortage or BCG failure.