(UroToday.com) At the European Association of Urology 2021 Annual Meeting’s controversies in Onco-Urology session, Dr. J. Alfred Witjes discussed that there is a role for radical cystectomy in cT0 disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Dr. Witjes notes that chemotherapy is insufficient as curative therapy in bladder cancer, with the AUA guidelines stating that clinicians should perform radical cystectomy as soon as possible following completion of and recovery from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on the EAU guidelines, there is a strong recommendation for not offering chemotherapy alone as primary therapy for localized bladder cancer. Dr. Witjes emphasizes that the optimal number of cycles is 6-9 cycles and that 3-4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are suboptimal.