(UroToday.com) Most patients newly diagnosed with bladder cancer have non-muscle invasive disease (NMIBC). For patients with intermediate or high-risk NMIBC and those with carcinoma in situ (CIS), adjuvant treatment is guideline-recommended on the basis of proven benefits in disease recurrence. While bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG) is preferred in those with high-risk disease, both intravesical chemotherapy and BCG are options in intermediate-risk disease.