(UroToday.com) The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2021 annual meeting’s non-prostate cancer mini-oral session included a presentation by Dr. Jeroen Van Dorp discussing results of NABUCCO Cohort 2 assessing high- versus low-dose pre-operative ipilimumab and nivolumab in locoregional advanced urothelial cancer. The prognosis of stage III (cT3-4aN0M0 or cT1-4aN1-3M0) urothelial carcinoma is poor, with a 5-year overall survival rate of only 25-47% after radical cystectomy. The current standard treatment for these patients is cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical surgery, however a substantial number of patients are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and there are no therapeutic options to improve prognosis for these patients. In NABUCCO cohort 1, 24 patients were treated with pre-operative day 1 ipilimumab 3 mg/kg, day 22 ipilimumab 3 mg/kg + nivolumab 1 mg/kg, and day 43 nivolumab 3 mg/kg, showing encouraging efficacy results: 46% pathological complete response, ypT0N0 and 58% pathologic complete response + non-invasive disease.1