(UroToday.com) The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2021 annual meeting’s non-prostate cancer session included a presentation by Dr. Camillo Porta discussing results of a comparison of health-related quality of life of nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus pembrolizumab plus axitinib in previously untreated advanced RCC. The landscape for first-line advanced RCC is rapidly evolving, with pembrolizumab plus axitinib and nivolumab plus cabozantinib recommended as standard of care irrespective of risk group by the European Association of Urology and the European Society for Medical Oncology. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib and nivolumab plus cabozantinib have similar modes of action and demonstrated a significant efficacy benefit versus sunitinib, although no head-to-head data exist. As advanced RCC significantly impacts health-related quality of life, understanding health-related quality of life benefits of these two treatments is of interest to inform clinical decision making. The objective of this study was to understand the comparative health-related quality of life benefits of nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus pembrolizumab plus axitinib in patients with previously untreated advanced RCC.