Genetically predicted lifelong circulating 25(OH)D levels are associated with serum calcium levels and kidney stone risk.

To assess whether lifelong higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels increase serum calcium levels and kidney stone disease (KSD) risk.

Summary data for KSD were obtained from the UK biobank genome-wide association study (6,536 cases and 388,508 controls).