(UroToday.com) The Société Internationale D’Urologie (SIU) 2021 annual meeting included a master class on biomarkers in cancer and a presentation by Dr. Sia Daneshmand discussing serum biomarkers in invasive bladder cancer. Dr. Daneshmand started by emphasizing that unfortunately, up to 50% of patients after radical cystectomy experience disease recurrence within five years of surgery. Furthermore, there are no currently available tests to determine which patients will have residual disease or be at risk of relapse. There are several options for liquid biopsies in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma as highlighted in the following figure: