(UroToday.com) The Société Internationale D’Urologie (SIU) 2021 annual meeting included a master class on biomarkers in cancer and a presentation by Dr. Murat Bozlu discussing immune-related biomarkers of bladder cancer. Dr. Bozlu started his presentation by noting that bladder cancer makes up 7% of new cancer cases amongst males, accounting for 4% of cancer mortalities. However, screening for bladder cancer in asymptomatic adults is given a grade I recommendation by the USPSTF (neither a recommendation for or against screening), stating that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for bladder cancer among asymptomatic adults. Based on clinicopathologic features, the EAU guidelines provide risk group stratification in order to assist with treatment and patient counselling for risk of recurrence and progression: