Active Surveillance Background
Prostate cancer represents a public health dilemma: while prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among men in the US1 and third in Canada,2 it is widely over-diagnosed and over-treated, leading to significant patient anxiety and morbidity.3 Much of the over-diagnosis of prostate cancer relates to the use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer screening, beginning in 1987.4