(UroToday.com) As part of the ASCO 2020 Virtual Education Program, David McConkey, PhD, chaired a session on molecular enrichment strategies in genitourinary cancer, specifically highlighting in his talk what exactly is in the molecular enrichment toolbox. Indeed, the landscape is rapidly changing for advanced disease, including (i) the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma, and (ii) cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, immunotherapy, FGFR inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates in bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, the new therapies are expensive, benefit a minority of patients, and can produce significant toxicities, thus, there is a great need for predictive biomarkers for treatment selection.