The aim of this pilot study was to assess the role of immune markers in fast relapse (<2 years) of high-grade muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (HGUC) treated by cystectomy. A series of 40 such cases was investigated for immune protein (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD163, FOXP3 and PD-1) status by immunohistochemistry.