(UroToday.com) In the Joint SIU-Korean Urological Association (KUA) Symposium at this year’s virtual SIU annual congress, Dr. Paolo Gontero presented on the role of ureteroscopy prior to radical nephroureterectomy. He began by highlighting the different management approaches for patients with high- and low-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma, namely, radical nephroureterectomy and kidney sparing surgery, respectively. He emphasized that one of the main criteria guiding this risk stratification is histological biopsy grade. This is because non-invasive risk stratification relying on CT urogram and urinary cytology is inadequate for risk stratification, in part due to a relative lack of specificity of CTU and its inability to provide staging information (apart from those patients with locally advanced disease).