To externally validate recently published prostate cancer risk calculators (PCa-RCs) incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and compare their performance to mpMRI-naïve PCa-RCs.
Men without previous PCa diagnosis undergoing transperineal template saturation prostate biopsy with fusion-guided targeted biopsy between 11/2014 and 03/2018 in our academic tertiary referral center were identified. Any Gleason pattern ≥4 was defined to be csPCa. Predictors (age, PSA, DRE, prostate volume, family history, previous prostate biopsy and highest region of interest according to PIRADS) were retrospectively collected. Four mpMRI-PCa-RCs and two mpMRI-naïve PCa-RCs were evaluated for their discrimination, calibration and clinical net benefit using a ROC analysis, calibration plots and a decision curve analysis, respectively.
Out of 468 men, 193 (41%) were diagnosed with csPCa. Three mpMRI-PCa-RCs showed similar discrimination with area-underneath-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves (AUC) from 0.83 to 0.85, which was significantly higher than the other PCa-RCs (AUCs: 0.69-0.74). Calibration-in-the-large showed minimal deviation from the true amount of csPCa by 2% for two mpMRI-PCa-RCs, while the other PCa-RCs showed worse calibration (11-27%). A clinical net benefit could only be observed for three mpMRI-PCa-RCs at biopsy thresholds ≥15%, while none of the six investigated PCa-RCs demonstrated clinical utility against a biopsy all strategy at thresholds <15%.
Performance of the mpMRI-PCa-RCs varies, but they generally outperform mpMRI-naïve PCa-RCs in regard to discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness. External validation in other biopsy settings is highly encouraged.
The Journal of urology. 2019 Oct 25 [Epub ahead of print]
Karim Saba, Marian S Wettstein, Laura Lieger, Andreas M Hötker, Olivio F Donati, Holger Moch, Donna P Ankerst, Cédric Poyet, Tullio Sulser, Daniel Eberli, Ashkan Mortezavi
Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Munich, Germany.