(UroToday.com) Dr. Sita Vermeulen, Genetic Epidemiologist at the Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands presented the “Protective effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) bladder instillations on pneumonia?” BCG vaccination has been shown to induce trained immunity, with indirect evidence suggesting decreased rates of infection. Investigators studied the impact of intravesical BCG for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in two Dutch studies.