Erectile Dysfunction Resistant to Medical Treatment Caused by Cavernovenous Leakage: An Innovative Surgical Approach Combining Pre-operative Work Up, Embolisation, and Open Surgery.

Thirty per cent of cases of erectile dysfunction (ED)/male impotence are resistant to oral treatment. Half of these cases are due to blood drainage from the corpora cavernosa occurring too soon, due to cavernovenous leakage (CVL).