Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urothelium within the bladder or upper tract is a highly progressive disease when left untreated. Topical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a mainstay of treatment both within the bladder and upper tracts. Patients who fail BCG therapy are left with limited options and are recommended for cystectomy or nephroureterectomy. Within the bladder, topical therapy with docetaxel has been shown to be efficacious in the setting of BCG-refractory bladder CIS. Therefore, we sought to determine efficacy for topical therapy with docetaxel in BCG-refractory patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma in situ (UT-CIS).