(UroToday.com) For patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who are eligible for curative-intent treatment, cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) is a standard of care with improved pathologic response and overall survival (OS) compared to RC alone. Consolidation with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an alternative to RC. However, many patients are cisplatin-ineligible and thus often do not receive NAC. In patients who do not receive NAC for whatever reason, there is no conclusive data to support the use of adjuvant therapy. Further, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear in patients who have residual disease following NAC. In a plenary presentation in the Navigating Uncertain Times in Muscle-Invasive and Advanced Bladder Cancer session at the 2021 ASCO GU Cancers Symposium, Dr. Dean Bajorin presents the results of CheckMate-274 assessing the role of adjuvant nivolumab in patients following radical resection with or without NAC with cisplatin.